DOCS / THEORY TESTS / LONG HAUL CLASS
Theory test — Long Haul class
The Long Haul entry test covers widebody intercontinental operations. ETOPS, oceanic procedures, route fuel planning at scale, fatigue and crew-rest considerations. 10 questions, 70% to pass.
What it covers
The starter is the B77W; the milestone tree opens up the A350 and the 787-9. Operations are 6–14 hour sectors, often over water or remote terrain, with the procedures that come with that — ETOPS, oceanic clearance, plotting positions, deviation procedures.
Topics
- ETOPS basics. What "extended operations" means, the meaning of ETOPS-120 / 180 / 240, alternate planning, fuel reserves.
- Oceanic procedures. Track systems (NAT, PACOTS), oceanic clearance, position reports, SELCAL.
- Step-climbing. Optimum altitude tracking; coordination with ATC over remote airspace.
- Volcanic-ash avoidance. Recognizing encounters, escape procedures, post-encounter actions.
- Long-range communications. HF, CPDLC, ADS-C basics.
- Crew-rest and fatigue. Augmented crew operations; bunk-rest planning; circadian considerations.
Study sources
- SkyBrary — ETOPS.
- SkyBrary — North Atlantic Tracks.
- SkyBrary — Oceanic Airspace.
- SkyBrary — Volcanic Ash.
- SkyBrary — CPDLC.
- SkyBrary — Fatigue.